Introduction -- About this book -- Conventions used in this book -- What you're not to read -- Foolish assumptions -- How this book is organized: -- Part 1: Setting The Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts -- Part 2: Meat Of Biochemistry: Proteins -- Part 3: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, And More -- Part 4: Bioenergetics And Pathways -- Part 5: Genetics: Why We Are What We Are -- Part 6: Part Of Tens -- Icons used in this book -- Where to go from here -- Part 1: Setting The Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts: -- Biochemistry: what you need to know and why: -- Why biochemistry? -- What is biochemistry and where does it take place? -- Types of living cells: -- Prokaryotes -- Eukaryotes -- Animal cells and how they work -- Brief look at plant cells -- Seems so basic: water chemistry and pH: -- Fundamentals of H2O -- Let's get wet! The physical properties of water -- Water's most important biochemical role: the solvent -- Hydrogen ion concentration: acids and bases -- Achieving equilibrium -- Understanding the pH scale -- Calculating pOH -- Applying the Brønsted-Lowry theory -- Buffers and pH control: -- Identifying common physiological buffers -- Calculating a buffer's pH -- Fun with carbon: organic chemistry: -- Role of carbon in the study of life -- It's all in the numbers: carbon bonds -- When forces attract: bond strengths: -- Everybody has 'em: intermolecular forces -- Water-related interactions: both the lovers and the haters -- How bond strengths affect physical properties of substances -- Getting a reaction out of a molecule: functional groups: -- Hydrocarbons -- Functional groups with oxygen and sulfur -- Functional groups containing nitrogen -- Functional groups containing phosphorus -- Reactions of functional groups -- pH and functional groups -- Same content, different structure: Isomerism: -- Cis-trans isomers -- Chiral carbons -- Part 2: Meat Of Biochemistry: Proteins: -- Amino acids: the building blocks of protein: -- General properties of amino acids: -- Amino acids are positive and negative: the zwitterion formation -- Protonated? pH and the isoelectric point -- Asymmetry: chiral amino acids -- Magic 20 amino acids: -- Nonpolar (hydrophobic) and uncharged amino acids -- Polar (hydrophilic) and uncharged amino acids -- Acidic amino acids -- Basic amino acids -- Lest we forget: rarer amino acids -- Rudiments of amino acid interactions: -- Intermolecular forces: how an amino acid interacts with other molecules -- Altering interactions by changing the pH -- Combining amino acids: how it works: -- Peptide bond and the dipeptide -- Tripeptide: adding an amino acid to a dipeptide -- Protein structure and function: -- Proteins: not just for dinner -- Primary structure: the structure level all proteins have: -- Building a protein: outlining the process -- Organizing the amino acids -- Example: the primary structure of insulin -- Secondary structure: a structure level most proteins have: -- Helix -- Pleated sheet -- Turns and the loops -- Tertiary structure: a structure level many proteins have -- Quaternary structure: a structure level some proteins have -- Dissecting a protein for study: -- Separating proteins within a cell and purifying them -- Digging into the details: uncovering a protein's amino acid sequence -- Enzyme kinetics: getting there faster: -- Enzyme classification: the best catalyst for the job: -- Up one, down one: oxidoreductases -- You don't belong here: transferases -- Water does it again: hydrolases -- Taking it apart: lyases -- Shuffling the deck: isomerases -- Putting it together: ligases -- Enzymes as catalysis: when fast is not fast enough -- All about kinetics: -- Enzyme assays: fixed time and kinetics -- Rate determination: how fast is fast? -- Measuring enzyme behavior: the Michaelis-Menten equation: -- Ideal applications -- Realistic applications -- Here we go again: Lineweaver-Burk plots -- Enzyme inhibition: slowing it down: -- Competitive inhibition -- Noncompetitive inhibition -- Graphing inhibition -- Enzyme regulation -- Part 3: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, And More: -- What we crave: carbohydrates: -- Properties of carbohydrates: -- They contain one or more chiral carbons -- They have multiple chiral centers -- Sweet topic: monosaccharides: -- Most stable monosaccharide structures: -- Pyranose and furanose forms -- Chemical properties of monosaccharides -- Derivatives of monosaccharides -- Most common monosaccharides -- Beginning of life: ribose and deoxyribose -- Sugars joining hands: oligosaccharides: -- Keeping it simple: disaccharides -- Starch and cellulose: polysaccharides -- Aldose family of sugars -- Lipids and membranes: -- Lovely lipids: an overview -- Behavior of lipids -- Fatty acids in lipids -- Fatty subject: triglycerides: -- Properties and structure of fats -- Cleaning up: breaking down a triglyceride -- No simpletons here: complex lipids: -- Phosphoglycerides -- Sphingolipids -- Sphingophospholidpids -- Membranes: the bipolar and the bilayer: -- Crossing the wall: membrane transport -- Steroids: pumping up -- Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes: mopping up
Nucleic acids and the code of life: -- Nucleotides: the guts of DNA and RNA: -- Reservoir of genetic info: nitrogen bases -- Sweet side of life: the sugars -- Sour side of life: phosphoric acid -- Tracing the process: from nucleoside to nucleotide to nucleic acid: -- First Reaction: Nitrogen base + 5-carbon sugar = nucleoside -- Second Reaction: Phosphoric acid + nucleoside -- nucleotide -- Third Reaction: Nucleotide becomes nucleic acid -- Primer on nucleic acids: -- DNA and RNA in the grand scheme of life -- Nucleic acid structure -- Vitamins: both simple and complex: -- More than one-a-day: basics of vitamins -- To B or not to B: B complex vitamins: -- Vitamin B1, (thiamine) -- Vitamin B2, (riboflavin) -- Vitamin B3 (niacin) -- Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) -- Biotin -- Folic acid -- Pantothenic acid -- Wonders of vitamin B12 -- Vitamin A -- Vitamin C -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin K -- Hormones: the body's messengers: -- Structures of some key hormones: -- Proteins -- Steroids -- Amines -- Now and later: prohormones: -- Proinsulin -- Angiotensinogen -- Fight or flight: hormone function: -- Opening the letter: hormonal action -- Models of hormonal action -- Part 4: Bioenergetics And Pathways: -- Life and energy: -- ATP: the energy pony express: -- ATP and free energy -- ATP as an energy transporter -- It's relative: molecules related to ATP: -- Nucleoside triphosphate family -- As easy as 1, 2, 3: AMP, ADP, and ATP -- Where it all comes from -- ATP: the body's monetary system: -- Metabolism 1: Glycolysis: -- Glucose: where it all starts -- Releasing the power: energy efficiency -- Going in reverse: Gluconeogenesis -- Alcoholic fermentation: we'll drink to that -- Metabolism 2: Citric acid (Krebs) cycle: -- Let's get started: synthesis of acetyl-CoA -- Three's a crowd: tricarboxylic acids -- Oxidative decarboxylation -- Production of succinate and GTP -- Oxaloacetate regeneration -- Amino acids as energy sources -- Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation: -- Electron transport system -- Oxidative phosphorylation -- Proposed mechanisms -- ATP production -- Involving the fats: b-oxidation cycle -- Not so heavenly bodies: ketone bodies -- Investing in the future: biosynthesis: -- Fatty acids -- Membrane lipids -- Amino acids -- Smelly biochemistry: nitrogen in biological systems: -- Ring in the nitrogen: purine -- Biosynthesis of purine -- How much will it cost? -- Pyrimidine synthesis: -- First Step: Carbamoyl phosphate -- Next Step: Orotate -- Last Step: Cytidine -- Back to the beginning: catabolism: -- Nucleotide catabolism -- Amino acid catabolism -- Heme catabolism -- Process of elimination: the urea cycle -- Amino acids once again -- Metabolic disorders: -- Gout -- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome -- Albinism -- Alkaptonuria -- Phenylketonuria -- Part 5: Genetics: Why We Are What We Are: -- Photocopying DNA: -- Let's do it again: replication: -- DNA polymerases -- Current model of DNA replication -- Mechanism of DNA repair -- Mutation: the good, the bad, and the ugly -- Restriction enzymes -- Mendel rolling over: recombinant DNA -- Patterns: determining DNA sequences: -- Getting charged up about gel electrophoresis -- Determining the base sequence -- Butler did it: forensic applications -- Genetic diseases and other DNA testing applications: -- Sickle cell anemia -- Hemochromatosis -- Cystic fibrosis -- Hemophilia -- Tay-sachs -- Transcribe this! RNA transcription: -- Types of RNA -- RNA polymerase requirements -- Making RNA: the basics: -- Promoting transcription of RNA -- Prokaryotic cells -- Eukaryotic cells -- Not a secret any longer: the genetic code: -- Codons -- Alpha and omega -- Models of gene regulation: -- Jacob-Monod (operon) model -- Regulation of eukaryotic genes -- Translation: protein synthesis: -- Hopefully not lost in translation: -- Why translation is necessary -- Home, home in the ribosome -- Translation team: -- Team captain: rRNA -- Here's the snap: mRNA -- Carrying the ball: tRNA -- Charging up the middle: amino acid activation -- Hooking up: protein synthesis: -- Activation -- Initiation -- Elongation -- Termination -- Wobble hypothesis -- Variation in eukaryotic cells: -- Ribosomes -- Initiator tRNA -- Initiation -- Elongation and termination -- Part 6: Part Of Tens: -- Ten great applications of biochemistry: -- Ames test -- Pregnancy testing -- HIV testing -- Breast cancer testing -- Prenatal genetic testing -- PKU screening -- Genetically modified foods -- Genetic engineering -- Cloning -- Gene-replacement therapy -- Ten biochemistry careers: -- Research assistant -- Plant breeder -- Quality control analyst -- Clinical research associate -- Technical writer -- Biochemical development engineer -- Market research analyst -- Patent attorney -- Pharmaceutical sales -- Biostatistician -- Index

Control code: ocn697774569

Dimensions: 24 cm.

Edition: Second edition.

Extent: xvi, 340 pages

Isbn: 9781118021743

Lccn: 2011930309

Media category: unmediated

Media MARC source: rdamedia

Media type code: n

Other physical details: illustrations

Record ID: u1806345

Specific material designation: regular print

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(OCoLC)697774569
(Sirsi) a1806345

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